The core function of Conda in Anaconda is package management and environment management. You can install different versions of python as needed and switch freely.
1. Create a new environment
Let's create a new environment named Python 36, and specify that the python version is 3.6, regardless of 3.6.x. conda will automatically find the latest version of 3.6.x for us.
conda create --name python36 python=3.6
The following is a detailed installation process:
Solving environment: done
==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==
current version: 4.5.4
latest version: 4.10.3
Please update conda by running
$ conda update -n base conda
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs/python36
added / updated specs:
- python=3.6
The following packages will be downloaded:
package | build
---------------------------|-----------------
_libgcc_mutex-0.1 | main 3 KB
wheel-0.37.0 | pyhd3eb1b0_1 31 KB
libgcc-ng-9.1.0 | hdf63c60_0 8.1 MB
libstdcxx-ng-9.1.0 | hdf63c60_0 4.0 MB
xz-5.2.5 | h7b6447c_0 438 KB
zlib-1.2.11 | h7b6447c_3 120 KB
python-3.6.13 | h12debd9_1 32.5 MB
readline-8.1 | h27cfd23_0 464 KB
openssl-1.1.1l | h7f8727e_0 3.8 MB
certifi-2021.5.30 | py36h06a4308_0 141 KB
setuptools-58.0.4 | py36h06a4308_0 979 KB
pip-21.2.2 | py36h06a4308_0 2.1 MB
ld_impl_linux-64-2.35.1 | h7274673_9 637 KB
ncurses-6.2 | he6710b0_1 1.1 MB
sqlite-3.36.0 | hc218d9a_0 1.4 MB
ca-certificates-2021.9.30 | h06a4308_1 123 KB
libffi-3.3 | he6710b0_2 54 KB
tk-8.6.11 | h1ccaba5_0 3.2 MB
------------------------------------------------------------
Total: 59.2 MB
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
_libgcc_mutex: 0.1-main
ca-certificates: 2021.9.30-h06a4308_1
certifi: 2021.5.30-py36h06a4308_0
ld_impl_linux-64: 2.35.1-h7274673_9
libffi: 3.3-he6710b0_2
libgcc-ng: 9.1.0-hdf63c60_0
libstdcxx-ng: 9.1.0-hdf63c60_0
ncurses: 6.2-he6710b0_1
openssl: 1.1.1l-h7f8727e_0
pip: 21.2.2-py36h06a4308_0
python: 3.6.13-h12debd9_1
readline: 8.1-h27cfd23_0
setuptools: 58.0.4-py36h06a4308_0
sqlite: 3.36.0-hc218d9a_0
tk: 8.6.11-h1ccaba5_0
wheel: 0.37.0-pyhd3eb1b0_1
xz: 5.2.5-h7b6447c_0
zlib: 1.2.11-h7b6447c_3
Proceed ([y]/n)?
Downloading and Extracting Packages
_libgcc_mutex-0.1 | 3 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
wheel-0.37.0 | 31 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
libgcc-ng-9.1.0 | 8.1 MB | ############################################################################## | 100%
libstdcxx-ng-9.1.0 | 4.0 MB | ############################################################################## | 100%
xz-5.2.5 | 438 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
zlib-1.2.11 | 120 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
python-3.6.13 | 32.5 MB | ############################################################################## | 100%
readline-8.1 | 464 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
openssl-1.1.1l | 3.8 MB | ############################################################################## | 100%
certifi-2021.5.30 | 141 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
setuptools-58.0.4 | 979 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
pip-21.2.2 | 2.1 MB | ############################################################################## | 100%
ld_impl_linux-64-2.3 | 637 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
ncurses-6.2 | 1.1 MB | ############################################################################## | 100%
sqlite-3.36.0 | 1.4 MB | ############################################################################## | 100%
ca-certificates-2021 | 123 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
libffi-3.3 | 54 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
tk-8.6.11 | 3.2 MB | ############################################################################## | 100%
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use:
# > source activate python36
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use:
# > source deactivate
#
[root@localhost backup]#
[root@localhost backup]#
The new environment location called Python 36 is / usr / lib64 / anaconda3 / envs / Python 36
The name and size of the relevant packages to be downloaded are listed. The installation speed here is relatively fast because the anaconda warehouse image was set when Anaconda was installed. Because the Anaconda.org server is abroad, you will find that the download speed of conda is often very slow when you need to install packages. Fortunately, the Tsinghua TUNA image source has the anaconda warehouse image, You need to add it to the configuration of conda.
# Add Anaconda's TUNA image conda config --add channels https : //mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/ # Set the channel address to be displayed when searching conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
2. View conda environment
conda info
[root@localhost backup]# conda info
active environment : None
user config file : /root/.condarc
populated config files : /root/.condarc
conda version : 4.5.4
conda-build version : 3.10.5
python version : 3.6.5.final.0
base environment : /usr/lib64/anaconda3 (writable)
channel URLs : https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/linux-64
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/free/linux-64
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/free/noarch
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/linux-64
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/pro/linux-64
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/pro/noarch
package cache : /usr/lib64/anaconda3/pkgs
/root/.conda/pkgs
envs directories : /usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs
/root/.conda/envs
platform : linux-64
user-agent : conda/4.5.4 requests/2.18.4 CPython/3.6.5 Linux/3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 centos/7 glibc/2.17
UID:GID : 0:0
netrc file : None
offline mode : False
[root@localhost backup]#
This command will list all the environment information of conda in detail. You can see that the created new environment is in / usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs /. In fact, you can also view this directory with ls
[root@localhost backup]# ls /usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs/ python36
If it is only used to view the newly created environment, you can use conda info --even or conda -e
[root@localhost backup]# conda info --envs # conda environments: # base * /usr/lib64/anaconda3 python36 /usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs/python36 [root@localhost backup]# conda info -e # conda environments: # base * /usr/lib64/anaconda3 python36 /usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs/python36 [root@localhost backup]#
base represents the default environment of conda foundation, and python 36 is the newly created environment.
3. Activate the specified environment
Under linux, the activation environment uses source active xxxxxx. If it is on windows, it uses active xxxxxx,
[root@localhost backup]# source activate python36 (python36) [root@localhost backup]# ll total 636472 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 651745206 Oct 13 04:44 Anaconda3-5.2.0-Linux-x86_64.sh (python36) [root@localhost backup]#
The environment of Python 36 has been activated above, and the name of the current environment is displayed. Let's verify the environment:
(python36) [root@localhost backup]# python Python 3.6.13 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Jun 4 2021, 14:25:59) [GCC 7.5.0] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>>
You can see that the python version in this environment is 3.6.13. When creating the environment in part 1, you downloaded a new Python version, which is python-3.6.13.
Look at the version of pip:
(python36) [root@localhost backup]# pip --version pip 21.2.2 from /usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs/python36/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6) (python36) [root@localhost backup]#
The version here is pip 21.2.2, which is also the version in the new environment. If a new package is installed, it will be under the python 36 environment.
4. Exit the specified environment
conda deactivate
(python36) [root@localhost backup]# conda deactivate [root@localhost backup]# pip --version pip 10.0.1 from /usr/lib64/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6) [root@localhost backup]#
After exiting the python 36 environment, check the external pip version. You can see that the version is 10.0.1, indicating that the pip version in the external environment is indeed much lower than that in the new environment Python 36. Therefore, you can see the significance of environmental management.
6. List the packages installed in the specified environment
Command: conda list
This command itself lists the packages installed in conda, but the packages installed in the current environment can be listed in the specified microenvironment.
(python36) [root@localhost backup]# conda list # packages in environment at /usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs/python36: # # Name Version Build Channel _libgcc_mutex 0.1 main defaults ca-certificates 2021.9.30 h06a4308_1 defaults certifi 2021.5.30 py36h06a4308_0 defaults ld_impl_linux-64 2.35.1 h7274673_9 defaults libffi 3.3 he6710b0_2 defaults libgcc-ng 9.1.0 hdf63c60_0 defaults libstdcxx-ng 9.1.0 hdf63c60_0 defaults ncurses 6.2 he6710b0_1 defaults openssl 1.1.1l h7f8727e_0 defaults pip 21.2.2 py36h06a4308_0 defaults python 3.6.13 h12debd9_1 defaults readline 8.1 h27cfd23_0 defaults setuptools 58.0.4 py36h06a4308_0 defaults sqlite 3.36.0 hc218d9a_0 defaults tk 8.6.11 h1ccaba5_0 defaults wheel 0.37.0 pyhd3eb1b0_1 defaults xz 5.2.5 h7b6447c_0 defaults zlib 1.2.11 h7b6447c_3 defaults (python36) [root@localhost backup]#
Exit the python 36 environment and look at the package inside conda in the external environment
[root@localhost backup]# conda list # packages in environment at /usr/lib64/anaconda3: # # Name Version Build Channel _ipyw_jlab_nb_ext_conf 0.1.0 py36he11e457_0 defaults alabaster 0.7.10 py36h306e16b_0 defaults anaconda 5.2.0 py36_3 defaults anaconda-client 1.6.14 py36_0 defaults anaconda-navigator 1.8.7 py36_0 defaults anaconda-project 0.8.2 py36h44fb852_0 defaults asn1crypto 0.24.0 py36_0 defaults astroid 1.6.3 py36_0 defaults astropy 3.0.2 py36h3010b51_1 defaults attrs 18.1.0 py36_0 defaults babel 2.5.3 py36_0 defaults backcall 0.1.0 py36_0 defaults backports 1.0 py36hfa02d7e_1 defaults backports.shutil_get_terminal_size 1.0.0 py36hfea85ff_2 defaults beautifulsoup4 4.6.0 py36h49b8c8c_1 defaults bitarray 0.8.1 py36h14c3975_1 defaults bkcharts 0.2 py36h735825a_0 defaults blas 1.0 mkl defaults blaze 0.11.3 py36h4e06776_0 defaults bleach 2.1.3 py36_0 defaults blosc 1.14.3 hdbcaa40_0 defaults bokeh 0.12.16 py36_0 defaults boto 2.48.0 py36h6e4cd66_1 defaults bottleneck 1.2.1 py36haac1ea0_0 defaults bzip2 1.0.6 h14c3975_5 defaults ca-certificates 2018.03.07 0 defaults cairo 1.14.12 h7636065_2 defaults certifi 2018.4.16 py36_0 defaults cffi 1.11.5 py36h9745a5d_0 defaults chardet 3.0.4 py36h0f667ec_1 defaults click 6.7 py36h5253387_0 defaults cloudpickle 0.5.3 py36_0 defaults clyent 1.2.2 py36h7e57e65_1 defaults colorama 0.3.9 py36h489cec4_0 defaults conda 4.5.4 py36_0 defaults conda-build 3.10.5 py36_0 defaults conda-env 2.6.0 h36134e3_1 defaults conda-verify 2.0.0 py36h98955d8_0 defaults contextlib2 0.5.5 py36h6c84a62_0 defaults cryptography 2.2.2 py36h14c3975_0 defaults curl 7.60.0 h84994c4_0 defaults cycler 0.10.0 py36h93f1223_0 defaults cython 0.28.2 py36h14c3975_0 defaults cytoolz 0.9.0.1 py36h14c3975_0 defaults dask 0.17.5 py36_0 defaults dask-core 0.17.5 py36_0 defaults datashape 0.5.4 py36h3ad6b5c_0 defaults dbus 1.13.2 h714fa37_1 defaults decorator 4.3.0 py36_0 defaults distributed 1.21.8 py36_0 defaults docutils 0.14 py36hb0f60f5_0 defaults entrypoints 0.2.3 py36h1aec115_2 defaults et_xmlfile 1.0.1 py36hd6bccc3_0 defaults expat 2.2.5 he0dffb1_0 defaults fastcache 1.0.2 py36h14c3975_2 defaults filelock 3.0.4 py36_0 defaults flask 1.0.2 py36_1 defaults flask-cors 3.0.4 py36_0 defaults fontconfig 2.12.6 h49f89f6_0 defaults freetype 2.8 hab7d2ae_1 defaults get_terminal_size 1.0.0 haa9412d_0 defaults gevent 1.3.0 py36h14c3975_0 defaults glib 2.56.1 h000015b_0 defaults glob2 0.6 py36he249c77_0 defaults gmp 6.1.2 h6c8ec71_1 defaults gmpy2 2.0.8 py36hc8893dd_2 defaults graphite2 1.3.11 h16798f4_2 defaults greenlet 0.4.13 py36h14c3975_0 defaults gst-plugins-base 1.14.0 hbbd80ab_1 defaults gstreamer 1.14.0 hb453b48_1 defaults h5py 2.7.1 py36ha1f6525_2 defaults harfbuzz 1.7.6 h5f0a787_1 defaults hdf5 1.10.2 hba1933b_1 defaults heapdict 1.0.0 py36_2 defaults html5lib 1.0.1 py36h2f9c1c0_0 defaults icu 58.2 h9c2bf20_1 defaults idna 2.6 py36h82fb2a8_1 defaults imageio 2.3.0 py36_0 defaults imagesize 1.0.0 py36_0 defaults intel-openmp 2018.0.0 8 defaults ipykernel 4.8.2 py36_0 defaults ipython 6.4.0 py36_0 defaults ipython_genutils 0.2.0 py36hb52b0d5_0 defaults ipywidgets 7.2.1 py36_0 defaults isort 4.3.4 py36_0 defaults itsdangerous 0.24 py36h93cc618_1 defaults jbig 2.1 hdba287a_0 defaults jdcal 1.4 py36_0 defaults jedi 0.12.0 py36_1 defaults jinja2 2.10 py36ha16c418_0 defaults jpeg 9b h024ee3a_2 defaults jsonschema 2.6.0 py36h006f8b5_0 defaults jupyter 1.0.0 py36_4 defaults jupyter_client 5.2.3 py36_0 defaults jupyter_console 5.2.0 py36he59e554_1 defaults jupyter_core 4.4.0 py36h7c827e3_0 defaults jupyterlab 0.32.1 py36_0 defaults jupyterlab_launcher 0.10.5 py36_0 defaults kiwisolver 1.0.1 py36h764f252_0 defaults lazy-object-proxy 1.3.1 py36h10fcdad_0 defaults libcurl 7.60.0 h1ad7b7a_0 defaults libedit 3.1.20170329 h6b74fdf_2 defaults libffi 3.2.1 hd88cf55_4 defaults libgcc-ng 7.2.0 hdf63c60_3 defaults libgfortran-ng 7.2.0 hdf63c60_3 defaults libpng 1.6.34 hb9fc6fc_0 defaults libsodium 1.0.16 h1bed415_0 defaults libssh2 1.8.0 h9cfc8f7_4 defaults libstdcxx-ng 7.2.0 hdf63c60_3 defaults libtiff 4.0.9 he85c1e1_1 defaults libtool 2.4.6 h544aabb_3 defaults libxcb 1.13 h1bed415_1 defaults libxml2 2.9.8 h26e45fe_1 defaults libxslt 1.1.32 h1312cb7_0 defaults llvmlite 0.23.1 py36hdbcaa40_0 defaults locket 0.2.0 py36h787c0ad_1 defaults lxml 4.2.1 py36h23eabaa_0 defaults lzo 2.10 h49e0be7_2 defaults markupsafe 1.0 py36hd9260cd_1 defaults matplotlib 2.2.2 py36h0e671d2_1 defaults mccabe 0.6.1 py36h5ad9710_1 defaults mistune 0.8.3 py36h14c3975_1 defaults mkl 2018.0.2 1 defaults mkl-service 1.1.2 py36h17a0993_4 defaults mkl_fft 1.0.1 py36h3010b51_0 defaults mkl_random 1.0.1 py36h629b387_0 defaults more-itertools 4.1.0 py36_0 defaults mpc 1.0.3 hec55b23_5 defaults mpfr 3.1.5 h11a74b3_2 defaults mpmath 1.0.0 py36hfeacd6b_2 defaults msgpack-python 0.5.6 py36h6bb024c_0 defaults multipledispatch 0.5.0 py36_0 defaults navigator-updater 0.2.1 py36_0 defaults nbconvert 5.3.1 py36hb41ffb7_0 defaults nbformat 4.4.0 py36h31c9010_0 defaults ncurses 6.1 hf484d3e_0 defaults networkx 2.1 py36_0 defaults nltk 3.3.0 py36_0 defaults nose 1.3.7 py36hcdf7029_2 defaults notebook 5.5.0 py36_0 defaults numba 0.38.0 py36h637b7d7_0 defaults numexpr 2.6.5 py36h7bf3b9c_0 defaults numpy 1.14.3 py36hcd700cb_1 defaults numpy-base 1.14.3 py36h9be14a7_1 defaults numpydoc 0.8.0 py36_0 defaults odo 0.5.1 py36h90ed295_0 defaults olefile 0.45.1 py36_0 defaults openpyxl 2.5.3 py36_0 defaults openssl 1.0.2o h20670df_0 defaults packaging 17.1 py36_0 defaults pandas 0.23.0 py36h637b7d7_0 defaults pandoc 1.19.2.1 hea2e7c5_1 defaults pandocfilters 1.4.2 py36ha6701b7_1 defaults pango 1.41.0 hd475d92_0 defaults parso 0.2.0 py36_0 defaults partd 0.3.8 py36h36fd896_0 defaults patchelf 0.9 hf79760b_2 defaults path.py 11.0.1 py36_0 defaults pathlib2 2.3.2 py36_0 defaults patsy 0.5.0 py36_0 defaults pcre 8.42 h439df22_0 defaults pep8 1.7.1 py36_0 defaults pexpect 4.5.0 py36_0 defaults pickleshare 0.7.4 py36h63277f8_0 defaults pillow 5.1.0 py36h3deb7b8_0 defaults pip 10.0.1 py36_0 defaults pixman 0.34.0 hceecf20_3 defaults pkginfo 1.4.2 py36_1 defaults pluggy 0.6.0 py36hb689045_0 defaults ply 3.11 py36_0 defaults prompt_toolkit 1.0.15 py36h17d85b1_0 defaults psutil 5.4.5 py36h14c3975_0 defaults ptyprocess 0.5.2 py36h69acd42_0 defaults py 1.5.3 py36_0 defaults pycodestyle 2.4.0 py36_0 defaults pycosat 0.6.3 py36h0a5515d_0 defaults pycparser 2.18 py36hf9f622e_1 defaults pycrypto 2.6.1 py36h14c3975_8 defaults pycurl 7.43.0.1 py36hb7f436b_0 defaults pyflakes 1.6.0 py36h7bd6a15_0 defaults pygments 2.2.0 py36h0d3125c_0 defaults pylint 1.8.4 py36_0 defaults pyodbc 4.0.23 py36hf484d3e_0 defaults pyopenssl 18.0.0 py36_0 defaults pyparsing 2.2.0 py36hee85983_1 defaults pyqt 5.9.2 py36h751905a_0 defaults pysocks 1.6.8 py36_0 defaults pytables 3.4.3 py36h02b9ad4_2 defaults pytest 3.5.1 py36_0 defaults pytest-arraydiff 0.2 py36_0 defaults pytest-astropy 0.3.0 py36_0 defaults pytest-doctestplus 0.1.3 py36_0 defaults pytest-openfiles 0.3.0 py36_0 defaults pytest-remotedata 0.2.1 py36_0 defaults python 3.6.5 hc3d631a_2 defaults python-dateutil 2.7.3 py36_0 defaults pytz 2018.4 py36_0 defaults pywavelets 0.5.2 py36he602eb0_0 defaults pyyaml 3.12 py36hafb9ca4_1 defaults pyzmq 17.0.0 py36h14c3975_0 defaults qt 5.9.5 h7e424d6_0 defaults qtawesome 0.4.4 py36h609ed8c_0 defaults qtconsole 4.3.1 py36h8f73b5b_0 defaults qtpy 1.4.1 py36_0 defaults readline 7.0 ha6073c6_4 defaults requests 2.18.4 py36he2e5f8d_1 defaults rope 0.10.7 py36h147e2ec_0 defaults ruamel_yaml 0.15.35 py36h14c3975_1 defaults scikit-image 0.13.1 py36h14c3975_1 defaults scikit-learn 0.19.1 py36h7aa7ec6_0 defaults scipy 1.1.0 py36hfc37229_0 defaults seaborn 0.8.1 py36hfad7ec4_0 defaults send2trash 1.5.0 py36_0 defaults setuptools 39.1.0 py36_0 defaults simplegeneric 0.8.1 py36_2 defaults singledispatch 3.4.0.3 py36h7a266c3_0 defaults sip 4.19.8 py36hf484d3e_0 defaults six 1.11.0 py36h372c433_1 defaults snappy 1.1.7 hbae5bb6_3 defaults snowballstemmer 1.2.1 py36h6febd40_0 defaults sortedcollections 0.6.1 py36_0 defaults sortedcontainers 1.5.10 py36_0 defaults sphinx 1.7.4 py36_0 defaults sphinxcontrib 1.0 py36h6d0f590_1 defaults sphinxcontrib-websupport 1.0.1 py36hb5cb234_1 defaults spyder 3.2.8 py36_0 defaults sqlalchemy 1.2.7 py36h6b74fdf_0 defaults sqlite 3.23.1 he433501_0 defaults statsmodels 0.9.0 py36h3010b51_0 defaults sympy 1.1.1 py36hc6d1c1c_0 defaults tblib 1.3.2 py36h34cf8b6_0 defaults terminado 0.8.1 py36_1 defaults testpath 0.3.1 py36h8cadb63_0 defaults tk 8.6.7 hc745277_3 defaults toolz 0.9.0 py36_0 defaults tornado 5.0.2 py36_0 defaults traitlets 4.3.2 py36h674d592_0 defaults typing 3.6.4 py36_0 defaults unicodecsv 0.14.1 py36ha668878_0 defaults unixodbc 2.3.6 h1bed415_0 defaults urllib3 1.22 py36hbe7ace6_0 defaults wcwidth 0.1.7 py36hdf4376a_0 defaults webencodings 0.5.1 py36h800622e_1 defaults werkzeug 0.14.1 py36_0 defaults wheel 0.31.1 py36_0 defaults widgetsnbextension 3.2.1 py36_0 defaults wrapt 1.10.11 py36h28b7045_0 defaults xlrd 1.1.0 py36h1db9f0c_1 defaults xlsxwriter 1.0.4 py36_0 defaults xlwt 1.3.0 py36h7b00a1f_0 defaults xz 5.2.4 h14c3975_4 defaults yaml 0.1.7 had09818_2 defaults zeromq 4.2.5 h439df22_0 defaults zict 0.1.3 py36h3a3bf81_0 defaults zlib 1.2.11 ha838bed_2 defaults [root@localhost backup]#
You can see that there are many more packages than those in the python 36 environment.
6. Delete the specified environment
Command: conda env remove --name myenv