D ocker learn 1. What is Docker

Docker learning 1

What is Docker

website: hub.docker.com/

docker encapsulates and isolates processes, which belongs to virtualization technology at the operating system level

Because the isolated process is independent of the host and other isolated processes, it is also called a container

docker application scenario

  • Automated testing and continuous integration, release
  • Automatic packaging and publishing of Web applications
  • Easy deployment of background applications

Advantages of docker

  • Deliver applications quickly and consistently
  • Portable and extensible
  • Lightweight, fast, economical and efficient, squeezing linux's own resources

What can Docker do?

Let's talk about the difference between Docker and virtual machine

The previous virtual machine system takes up a lot of resources, many steps are redundant, and the startup is too slow to bear

Now Docker is like this,

Containers are isolated from each other, complementary interference, run together on the same operating system, and maximize the use of operating system resources

​

What is the difference between Docker technology and virtual machine technology?

  • Each container is isolated from each other. They have their own file system and will not affect each other
  • The container does not have its own kernel and hardware. The applications in the container run directly in the kernel of the host
  • The traditional virtual machine is to create a virtual hardware, run the completed operating system, and run applications on it

So what can Docker do?

Do DevOps

DevOps has the following advantages:

  • Applications can be deployed and delivered more quickly

The previous troublesome installation steps are gone forever. After using Docker container, package the image, release the test, and deploy and run with one click

  • It can be upgraded and expanded more conveniently

Using Docker, the project is packaged into an image, which is convenient for upgrading and capacity expansion

  • Development, operation and maintenance and testing will be simpler

There is no need to worry about the inconsistency of development environment, test environment and operation and maintenance environment

  • More efficient use of resources

Dcoker runs in the kernel of the host, and multiple Docker instances can be deployed on this physical host

Composition of Docker

Docker uses client server (C/S) architecture mode and remote API s to manage and create docker containers

Three basic concepts of Docker:

Pictures from the Internet

  • image

It is equivalent to a root file system, similar to a template, which is static

  • container

It is equivalent to an instance pulled from the template. The container is created through image. We can create, start, stop, pause and delete it

  • Warehouse

The used to save images can be regarded as a code control center

Installation and use of Docker

install

There are several ways to install Docker on the network:

  • Automatic installation of official scripts
  • Install using Docker warehouse
  • Install using = = shell = = Script

Let's take the ubuntu system as an example and install it in the Docker warehouse. The version of my ubuntu system is as follows:

# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="18.04.5 LTS (Bionic Beaver)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS"
VERSION_ID="18.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=bionic
UBUNTU_CODENAME=bionic

Set up warehouse

Install dependent packages

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install \
    apt-transport-https \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg-agent \
    software-properties-common

Add the official GPG key of Docker:

curl -fsSL https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

To verify the secret key, you can directly search the 8 characters after 9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88

sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88

The following output sets the secret key correctly

pub   rsa4096 2017-02-22 [SCEA]
      9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A  E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88
uid           [ unknown] Docker Release (CE deb) <docker@docker.com>
sub   rsa4096 2017-02-22 [S]

Set up stable version warehouse

sudo add-apt-repository \
   "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/ \
  $(lsb_release -cs) \
  stable"

Install Docker

Install the latest Docker version

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

After installation, verify that it is OK

You can view the docker version through docker version

# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           20.10.7
 API version:       1.41
 Go version:        go1.13.15
 Git commit:        f0df350
 Built:             Wed Jun  2 11:56:40 2021
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default
 Experimental:      true

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          20.10.7
  API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.13.15
  Git commit:       b0f5bc3
  Built:            Wed Jun  2 11:54:48 2021
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.4.8
  GitCommit:        7eba5930496d9bbe375fdf71603e610ad737d2b2
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.0
  GitCommit:        v1.0.0-0-g84113ee
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0

Run a hello world

sudo docker run hello-world

The following message appears. The installation of docker is successful

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
b8dfde127a29: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:df5f5184104426b65967e016ff2ac0bfcd44ad7899ca3bbcf8e44e4461491a9e
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

Of course, you can choose not to install the latest version, or you can install your own specified version

  1. Use = = apt cache Madison docker CE = = to view the versions available in the warehouse

  2. Use = = sudo apt get install Docker CE = Docker CE cli = containerd. IO = = install the specified version of Docker

  3. Use = = sudo docker run Hello world = = to verify that the installation was successful

  • View docker image
# docker images
REPOSITORY        TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world       latest    d1165f221234   4 months ago   13.3kB
  • docker image
Unmount mirror
sudo apt-get purge docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

Delete installation directory
/var/lib/docker yes docker Default installation path for
 sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker
 sudo rm -rf /var/lib/containerd

Image acceleration

If you are a small partner using alicloud server, you can see this step

To configure image acceleration, the installed version of docker needs to be above 1.10.0. The currently installed version of docker is 1.41, which fully conforms to

We can use the accelerator by modifying the daemon configuration file / etc/docker/daemon.json, and execute the following instructions

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://uhr5ub75.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

Process of docker run

  • docker run now finds the corresponding image locally and runs it directly if any
  • If not, go to the docker hub to download it. If yes, download it locally and run it
  • If not, report the error directly

Underlying principle of Docker

How does Docker work?

Docker is a C/S model. The background guard of docker runs on the host, and the client and server communicate through Socket

When the docker server receives an instruction from the docker client, it executes the instruction

Why is Docker faster than virtual machines?

I found a map on the Internet and let's compare it

As shown in the figure, the reasons why Docker is faster than virtual machine are as follows:

  • docker has fewer abstraction layers than virtual machines
  • docker uses the kernel of the host, while the virtual machine needs to create an OS

Based on the above two points, the operating system will be loaded when the virtual machine is started, which is slow, and the time is basically minute

When docker starts, there is no need to load the operating system kernel, so it is fast and the time is basically seconds

reference material:

docker docs

Welcome to like, follow and collect

My friends, your support and encouragement are the driving force for me to insist on sharing and improve quality

Well, that's all for this time

Technology is open, and our mentality should be open. Embrace change, live in the sun and strive to move forward.

I'm Nezha, the Little Devil boy. Welcome to praise and pay attention to the collection. See you next time~

Tags: Go

Posted on Wed, 27 Oct 2021 07:36:24 -0400 by DanArosa

Hot Tags

©2023 Programmer Help