String correlation method

1. Important methods

a,join

Format: string. join (sequence) -- merge the elements in the sequence into a new string through the specified string (all elements in the sequence must be strings)

eg:

list1 = ['name', 'age', 'sex']
str1 = ''.join(list1)
print(str1)  # nameagesex
str2 = '+'.join(list1)
print(str2)  # name+age+sex
num = [100, 200, 300, 400]
str1 = '-'.join([str(x) for x in num])
print(str1)  # 100-200-300-400

Exercise: given a list, connect all strings in the list with '= =' to form a new string

list1 = [100, 'abc', True, 'Hello', 'hello', 12.9]  # 'abc = = hello = = hello'
str1 = '=='.join([i for i in list1 if type(i) == str])
print(str1)

b,split

Format:

String 1. Split (string 2) -- cut all strings 2 in string 1 as cutting points

String 1. Split (string 2, N) -- cut the first N string 2 in string 1 as the cutting point

If string 1 does not contain string 2, the original string is returned

eg:

print(str1.split('see'))  # ['you ', ' ', ',one day day!']
print(str1.split('y'))  # ['', 'ou see see,one da', ' da', '!']

c,replace

Format:

String 1. Replace (string 2, string 3) - replaces all string 2 in string 1 with string 3

String 1. Replace (string 2, string 3, N) - replaces the first N string 2 in string 1 with string 3

eg:

print(str1.replace('see', 'see'))  # you see, one day!

print(str1.replace('se', 'see', 1))  # you see, one day!

2. General method

a,center,rjust,ljust,zfill

Format:

String. Center (length, padding character): the original string is in the middle

String. Rjust (length, padding character): the padding character is on the right

String. Ljust (length, padding character): the padding character is on the left

String. Zfill (length): equivalent to - string. Rjust (length '0')

When the length is less than the length of the original string, the original string is printed

eg:

str1 = 'adfg'
print(str1.center(8, '1'))  # '11adfg11'
print(str1.center(9, '1'))  # '111adfg11'
print(str1.rjust(9, '1'))  # 11111adfg
print(str1.ljust(9, '1'))  # adfg11111
print(str1.zfill(9))  # 00000adfg
print(str1.rjust(2, '1'))  # adfg

b,count

Format:

String 1. Count (string 2) - counts the number of occurrences of string 2 in string 1

String 1. Count (string 2, start subscript, end subscript) - counts the number of string 2 in the start subscript and end subscript of string 1

eg:

str1 = 'you see see,one day day!'
print(str1.count('e'))  # 5
print(str1.count('e', 6, 11))  # 3
print(str1.count('e', 6))  # 4

c,find,index,rfind,rindex

Format:

String 1.find (string 2) -- get the position where string 2 appears for the first time in string 1 ----- if the string does not exist, return - 1

String 1.index (string 2) --- get the first occurrence position of string 2 in string 1 ------ there is no string and an error is reported

String 1.find (string 2, start subscript, end subscript)

String 1.index (string 2, start subscript, end subscript)

String 1.rfind (string 2) - find from back to front

String 1.rindex (string 2) - find from back to front

eg:

str1 = 'you see see,one day day!'
print(str1.find('see'))  # 4
print(str1.index('see'))  # 4

print(str1.find('aaa'))  # -1
# print(str1.index('aaa'))  # report errors

print(str1.rfind('see'))

d. Judgment method

Format:

String. isalnum() - judge whether the string contains only numbers, letters and Chinese

String. isalpha() - judge whether the string contains only letters and Chinese

String. isdigit() - judge whether the string is a numeric character of pure numeric string 0 ~ 9

String. isnumeric() - judge whether the string is a pure numeric string. The meaning of each character is a number (one character)

String. isspace() - judge whether the string is a pure blank string

String. isupper() - judge whether all letters in the string are uppercase letters - it is mostly used to judge a single character

String. islower() - judge whether all letters in the string are lowercase letters - mostly used to judge a single character

eg:

print('1234'.isdigit())  # True
print('①12 hundred'.isnumeric())  # True
print('A'.isupper())  # True
print('a'.islower())  # True

e,strip,lstrip,rstrip

Format:

String. strip() -- remove the white space before and after the string

String. lstrip() -- remove the blank space on the left of the string

String. rstrip() -- remove the blank space on the right of the string

f,maketrans,translate

Use with:
str.maketrans(String 1,String 2) -Create a corresponding table for string 1 and string 2
 character string.translate(surface)

eg:

str1 = 'you see see,one day day!'
table1 = str.maketrans('oed', '$#&')
str2 = str1.translate(table1)
print(str2)  # y$u s## s##,$n# &ay &ay!

String formatting

a. String format placeholder

Format: String% with format placeholder (data1, data2,...)

%s -- string placeholder. You can use any data that can be converted into a string -- Universal placeholder

%d -- integer placeholder

%f -- floating point placeholder ----%. Nf -- keep N decimal places ---- can correspond to any numeric data

%c -- character station character -- data occupying 1 character -- can be any character coding value

Note: the number of data should correspond to the position and number of placeholders

When there is only one data, parentheses can be omitted

eg:

a = 'Xiao Song'
b = 18
c = 22.33
str1 = a + 'this year' + str(b) + 'year,' + 'Consumption today' + str(c) + 'element'
print(str1)
str2 = '%s this year%d Years old, consumption today%.2f element' % (a, b, c)
print(str2)
str4 = '%s this year%s Years old, consumption today%s element' % (a, b, c)
print(str4)
str1 = 's:%c' % 65
print(str1)

b. Supplementary r grammar

You can add R or R to the front of the string to make the function of escaping characters disappear

eg:

str1 = '\tcavd\t123\n@#$'
print(str1)
str1 = r'\tcavd\t123\n@#$'  # It is equivalent to adding before the escape character\
print(str1)  # \tcavd\t123\n@#$

c,f-string

Format: add f or F at the front of the string to provide data through {} in the string. Any resulting expression can be in {}

eg:

a = 'Xiao Song'
b = 18
c = 22.33
str3 = f'{a}this year{b}Years old, consumption today{c if c < 10 else 0}element'
print(str3)  # Xiao Song is 18 years old and spends 0 yuan today

Add parameter: {expression providing data: parameter}

a. : Nf - keep N decimal places
b. :, --- separate the three digits of data with commas
c. :,. Nf ---- keep N decimal places when using commas
d. :. N% ----- convert decimal to percentage and keep N decimal
e. : x > N,: x < n ------ x fills in characters (if there is no X, fill in spaces), n is the len gt h, > fills in the front, < fills in the back
eg:

money = 15335
str1 = f'a monthly salary{money:.2f}'
print(str1)
num1 = 12000000
str1 = f'{num1:,.2f}'
print(str1)
rate = 0.78
print(f'Proportion:{rate:.2%}')
num1=123
num2=34221
print(f'Xiao Ming's salary:{num1:<8} Age: 18')
print(f'Xiaohong salary:{num2:<8} Age: 18')