Detailed usage of programming language python os module

The os module provides very rich methods for handling files and directories

os about directory path

# Get current path
path = os.getcwd()

# Gets the current absolute path
os.path.abspath(path)
 
# Create first level directory
os.mkdir(path)

# remove empty directories
os.rmdir(path)

# Create multi-level directory
os.makedirs(path)

# Delete multilevel empty directory
os.removedirs(path)

# Modify the path to path
os.chdir(path)

Include knowledge points

rmdir path. If the directory is not empty, an OSError exception will be thrown
Multilevel directories refer to / test/testing/test. If none of the three directories exist, they will be created

os methods for files

# Get all files and folders under the current path
os.listdir(path)

# Create file method 1
f = os.open(path + "test.txt", flags=os.O_CREAT | os.O_RDWR )

# write file
os.write(f, bytes("123",encoding="utf-8"))

# read file
print(os.read(f,12))

# Close file
os.close(f)

# rename file
os.rename(path + "test.txt", path + "tests.txt")

# Delete file
os.remove(path + "tests.txt")
# Recursively returns the triple of directory (including path directory), subdirectory and file name under path
for root, dirname, filenames in os.walk(path):
    logzeros.debug(root)
    logzeros.debug(dirname)
    logzeros.debug(filenames)

Include knowledge points

listdir returns a list. If there is no file, it returns an empty list
os.write(fd, str) is used to write the bytes string into the file descriptor fd. Returns the length of the actually written string
os.read(fd,n) is used to read up to n bytes from the file descriptor fd and return a string containing bytes

os.path related

os.path.realpath(__file__)

Get the directory where the current file is located

path = os.path.realpath(__file__)
print(path)

Operation results

C:\Users\user\Desktop\py\moocInterface\learn\os_path_learn.py

os.path.abspath(path)

Get the path where the current path is located

#Python learning exchange group: 725638078
path = os.path.abspath(".")
print(path)

path = os.path.abspath(os.path.realpath(__file__))
print(path)

Operation results

C:\Users\user\Desktop\py\moocInterface\learn
C:\Users\user\Desktop\py\moocInterface\learn\os_path_learn.py

The first line is similar to os.getcwd()

path = os.getcwd()
print(path)

Operation results

C:\Users\user\Desktop\py\moocInterface\learn

os.path.dirname(path)
Returns the path of the directory where path is located

print(os.path.dirname(r'C:\Users\user\Desktop\py\moocInterface\learn\os_path_learn.py'))

print(os.path.dirname(r'C:\Users\user\Desktop\py\moocInterface\learn'))

# Indicates the upper level directory of the directory where the current file is located, that is, the project directory C:\Users\user\Desktop\py\moocInterface
print(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath('.')))

Operation results

C:\Users\user\Desktop\py\moocInterface\learn
C:\Users\user\Desktop\py\moocInterface
C:\Users\user\Desktop\py\moocInterface

os.path.split(path)
Separate the file name and extension, and return the binary (filename, fileextension)

# catalogue
os.path.split(os.getcwd())

# file
os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))

Operation results

('C:\\Users\\user\\Desktop\\py\\moocInterface', 'learn')
('C:\\Users\\user\\Desktop\\py\\moocInterface\\learn', 'os_path_learn.py')

os.path.join()
Used for path splicing. Multiple paths are combined and returned. The parameters before the first absolute path will be ignored

#Python learning exchange group: 725638078
# Splice catalog
new_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "test")
print(new_path)

# Splice file
new_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "test.txt")
print(new_path)

# Splice multiple directories
new_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "test/test/test")
print(new_path)

# Splicing multiple directories and files
new_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "test", "Test", "ok.txt")
print(new_path)

Operation results

C:\Users\user\Desktop\py\moocInterface\learn\test
C:\Users\user\Desktop\py\moocInterface\learn\test.txt
C:\Users\user\Desktop\py\moocInterface\learn\test/test/test
C:\Users\user\Desktop\py\moocInterface\learn\test\Test\ok.txt

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Article source: https://www.cnblogs.com/xxpythonxx/p/15530754.html

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