Django entry practice to achieve a simple library management system

Development process

edition

Django 3.1.1

python 3.6.12

(django) E:\python_Projects\django_demo>pip show django Name: Django Version: 3.1.1 Summary: A high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. Home-page: https://www.djangoproject.com/ Author: Django Software Foundation Author-email: [email protected] License: BSD-3-Clause Location: d:\anaconda3\envs\django\lib\site-packages Requires: pytz, asgiref, sqlparse Required-by: (django) E:\python_Projects\django_demo>python -V Python 3.6.12 :: Anaconda, Inc.

django installation:

pip install Django -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

-i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple   Specify the image source for faster download.

Specify the download version of Django (3.1.1 can be changed to the version you want):

pip install Django==3.1.1 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

Create project and APP

django-admin startproject booktest cd booktest django-admin startapp book_managerment

With path Demo:

(django) E:\python_Projects\django_demo>django-admin startproject booktest (django) E:\python_Projects\django_demo>cd booktest (django) E:\python_Projects\django_demo\booktest>django-admin startapp book_managerment

Post operation directory structure:

Install application

Found installed in booktest\booktest\settings.py_ The item "apps" is revised as follows:

INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'book_managerment' ]

design a model

Table structure:

Book table: title, price, pub_date, publish (foreign key, many to one), authors (many to many)

Publish er table: name, city, email

Author table: name, age, au_detail,gender , tel , addr , birthday

The following is the table Association Description:

Modify booktest \ book_ Manager \ models.py. Define model classes as follows:

from django.db import models class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.SmallIntegerField() gender_choices = ( (0, "female"), (1, "male"), (2, "secrecy"), ) gender = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=gender_choices) tel = models.CharField(max_length=32) addr = models.CharField(max_length=64) birthday = models.DateField() class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32) price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2) pub_date = models.DateField() publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish", on_delete=models.CASCADE) authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author") class Publish(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) city = models.CharField(max_length=64) email = models.EmailField()

Generate local database file

• Generate migration file: generate statements to create tables based on model classes

• Perform migration: create tables in the database according to the statements generated in step 1

python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate

Files generated after execution:

Insert initial data

After opening the db.sqlite3 file with DataSource, execute the following sql statement:

insert into book_managerment_publish(id, name, city, email) values (1, "Huashan Publishing House", "Huashan Mountain", "[email protected]"), (2, "Mingjiao Publishing House", "Heimuya", "[email protected]"); insert into book_managerment_author(id, name, age, gender, tel, addr, birthday) values (1, "linghu chong", 25, 1, 13432335433, "Huashan Mountain", "1994-5-23"), (2, "ren woxing", 58, 1, 13943454554, "Heimuya", "1961-8-13"), (3, "Ren yingying", 23, 0, 13878934322, "Heimuya", "1996-5-20"); INSERT INTO book_managerment_book(id, title, price, pub_date, publish_id) VALUES (1, "Dugu Jiujian", 200, "2019-1-7", 1), (2, "Star sucking method", 180, "2019-1-7", 2), (3, "Sunflower collection", 280, "2019-3-15", 2); INSERT INTO book_managerment_book_authors(id, book_id, author_id) VALUES (1, 1, 1), (2, 1, 2), (3, 2, 2);

back-stage management

Management interface localization:

• Localize the language and time and use local habits. Localization is localized in China. Chinese mainland uses simplified Chinese. Time zone uses Asian / Shanghai time zone. Note that Beijing time zone is not used here.

• Open the booktest/booktest/settings.py file, find the setting items of language code and time zone, and change the content as follows:

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans' TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

Create administrator:

python manage.py createsuperuser

(I set the user name and password to admin)

(django) E:\python_Projects\django_demo\booktest>python manage.py createsuperuser user name (leave blank to use 'think'): admin e-mail address: Password: Password (again): Password with user name It's so similar. Password length is too short. The password must contain at least 8 characters. This password is too common. Bypass password validation and create user anyway? [y/N]: y Superuser created successfully.

Register model class

Open the booktest\booktest\admin.py file and write the following code

from django.contrib import admin from .models import * class BookModal(admin.StackedInline): model = Book @admin.register(Publish) class PublishAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): inlines = [BookModal] list_display = ('id', 'name', 'city', 'email', 'books') fields = ('name', 'city', 'email') list_filter = ['city'] search_fields = ['name', 'city'] def books(self, obj): return [book.title for book in obj.book_set.all()] @admin.register(Book) class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('id', 'title', 'price', 'pub_date', "publish_name", "author") fields = ('title', 'price', 'pub_date', "authors") search_fields = ['title', 'price', 'pub_date'] def author(self, obj): return [author.name for author in obj.authors.all()] def publish_name(self, obj): return obj.publish.name filter_horizontal = ('authors',) @admin.register(Author) class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('id', 'name', 'age', 'gender', 'tel', 'addr', 'birthday', 'books') fields = ('name', 'age', 'gender', 'tel', 'addr', 'birthday') list_filter = ['gender'] search_fields = ['name', 'age', 'gender', 'tel', 'addr', 'birthday'] def books(self, obj): return [book.title for book in obj.book_set.all()]

Custom management page template

Modify DIRS of TEMPLATES in booktest/booktest/settings.py to the specified path:

TEMPLATES = [ { 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', 'DIRS': [BASE_DIR / "templates"], 'APP_DIRS': True, 'OPTIONS': { 'context_processors': [ 'django.template.context_processors.debug', 'django.template.context_processors.request', 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', ], }, }, ]

Create the directory booktest/templates/admin, and install the python installation path to Lib \ site packages \ Django \ contrib \ admin \ templates \ admin under base_ Copy the site.html file to this directory and modify it:

Amend to read as follows:

{% extends "admin/base.html" %} {% block title %}Library background management system{% endblock %} {% block branding %} <h1 id="site-name"><a href="{% url 'admin:index' %}">Library background management system</a></h1> {% endblock %} {% block nav-global %}{% endblock %}

Start project

After executing the following command:

python manage.py runserver

open http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin

Operation demonstration

Search for books written by all authors:

Query the publisher and author of each book:

Check the books published by each publishing house:

Modify author information:

Modify the book information to manage the author:

Modify the press information to manage each book published:

Support search and filtering:

The above is the development process of the whole library management system.

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