One. Install IPython tools
IPython is a third-party tool that is installed using the following command:
[root@python ~]# pip install ipython #Install ipython [root@python ~]# ipython #Execute IPython to enter IPython interactive interface Python 3.8.1 (default, Feb 3 2020, 18:39:50) Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information IPython 7.12.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help. In [1]: sum=0 In [2]: for i in range(10): ...: sum+=i ...: print(sum) 45 In [3]: import os In [4]: os.getlogin() Out[4]: 'root'
Ippython has the following features:
- Support syntax highlighting;
- Auto indent;
- Tab completion;
- Get help information quickly;
- Search history;
- Execute shell command;
2. magic function
IPython provides many powerful functions, all of which start with "%". Such powerful functions that start with "%" are called magic functions in IPython. Magic functions mainly provide enhanced functions for IPython, interact with the operating system, manipulate the input and output of users, and configure IPython.
The list of magic functions can be obtained by the following instructions, as follows:
In [28]: %lsmagic #Any of the following functions can be added? No. to query the function's corresponding functions, such as:% save? Out[28]: Available line magics: %alias %alias_magic %autoawait %autocall %autoindent %automagic %bookmark %cat %cd %clear %colors %conda %config %cp %cpaste %debug %dhist %dirs %doctest_mode %ed %edit %env %gui %hist %history %killbgscripts %ldir %less %lf %lk %ll %load %load_ext %loadpy %logoff %logon %logstart %logstate %logstop %ls %lsmagic %lx %macro %magic %man %matplotlib %mkdir %more %mv %notebook %page %paste %pastebin %pdb %pdef %pdoc %pfile %pinfo %pinfo2 %pip %popd %pprint %precision %prun %psearch %psource %pushd %pwd %pycat %pylab %quickref %recall %rehashx %reload_ext %rep %rerun %reset %reset_selective %rm %rmdir %run %save %sc %set_env %store %sx %system %tb %time %timeit %unalias %unload_ext %who %who_ls %whos %xdel %xmode Available cell magics: %%! %%HTML %%SVG %%bash %%capture %%debug %%file %%html %%javascript %%js %%latex %%markdown %%perl %%prun %%pypy %%python %%python2 %%python3 %%ruby %%script %%sh %%svg %%sx %%system %%time %%timeit %%writefile Automagic is ON, % prefix IS NOT needed for line magics.
3. Using IPython to interact with the operating system
IPython can better interact with the operating system. When using Python for interactive programming, you can execute linux commands without exiting the Python shell. The% cd and% pwd in the magic function are equivalent to the cd command and pwd command under Linux. In addition, in IPython, you can execute any Linux command in the form of "! cmd", as follows:
#Direct interaction In [31]: %pwd Out[31]: '/root' In [32]: %cd /usr/src/ /usr/src In [33]: %pwd Out[33]: '/usr/src' In [42]: !ls / | grep e dev etc home media #You can also use assignment as follows: In [43]: data=!df In [44]: data Out[44]: ['file system 1K-block Already used Available used% Mount point', '/dev/mapper/cl-root 52403200 4779936 47623264 10% /', 'devtmpfs 917796 0 917796 0% /dev', 'tmpfs 933644 84 933560 1% /dev/shm', 'tmpfs 933644 9184 924460 1% /run', 'tmpfs 933644 0 933644 0% /sys/fs/cgroup', '/dev/sda1 1038336 176544 861792 18% /boot', '/dev/mapper/cl-home 49250820 33052 49217768 1% /home', 'tmpfs 186732 16 186716 1% /run/user/42', 'tmpfs 186732 0 186732 0% /run/user/0']